🕸Introduction
For my "Nonhuman Primate Infographic" assignment I chose Miller's Grizzled Langur also known as Presbytis canicrus, it is apart of the P. canicrus species. This primate is a species of leaf monkey that is endemic to East Kalimanatan, on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. This leads to the fact that they are one of the worlds most endangered primates, even thought to be extinct before 2012!
“Miller's Grizzled Langur (Presbytis hosei canicrus) is one of the least known and rarest primates in Borneo. With a limited geographic range along the central coast of East Kalimantan and the highly degraded Kutai National Park, its former stronghold, this subspecies is now extremely rare and has been listed as one of the world's 25 most endangered primates.” (Lhota et al., 2012)
🕸Miller's Grizzled Langur (Presbytis canicrus)
Common Names Include:
Miller's Grizzled Langur
Kutai Grey Langur
Dracula Monkey
Vampire Monkey
🕸Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Cercopithecidae
Genus: Presbytis
Species: Presbytis canicrus
“Formerly considered a subspecies of the Hose’s langur as P. hosei canicrus, the Miller’s grizzled langur was elevated to full species status after a taxonomic review in 2014.” (Nijman, 2010)
🖤Ecology: Diet & Teeth
Diet type: Folivore (leaf-eater)
Prefers: Unripe fruit + young leaves
Avoids: Ripe fruit and seeds
Teeth: Bilophodont molars with high crowns for grinding vegetation
Special feature: Glands secrete enzymes into the GI tract to aid digestion
Like other colobines, “their diet is centered on leaves and is facilitated by specialized digestive anatomy rather than unique dentition” (NePrimate Conservancy, n.d.).
“Like other colobines, their diet is centered on leaves and is facilitated by specialized digestive anatomy rather than unique dentition.” (NePrimate Conservancy, n.d.)
Fun Facts!
🖤 Their "grizzled" gray fur and a cape of white fur around their neck have earned them the nickname Dracula Monkey or Vampire Monkey (Primate Conservancy, n.d.).
🎀️The species was once considered a subspecies of the Hose’s langur (Presbytis hosei canicrus), but a taxonomic review in 2014 elevated it to full species status (Primate Conservancy, n.d.)..
🦇 They were historically hunted for their bezoar stones, which were valued in traditional medicine (Setiawan et al., 2009).
🖤 The rediscovery of P. canicrus in 2012 provided new hope for the conservation of this rare species (Setiawan et al., 2009).
🕸My primate is usually awake during the day, meaning they are diurnal
“They are gray over most of their bodies (“grizzled” means to be streaked with gray), with darker heads, hands, and feet. Their bellies are light gray or white. They have a “cape” of long white fur around their neck, explaining their alternate name of ‘Dracula monkey.’” (NePrimate Conservancy, n.d.)
💀Comparisons with Other Primates!
-Tarsiers: Langurs are folivores; tarsiers are insectivores with huge eyes and is nocturnal
-Old World Monkeys: Langurs share bilophodont molars + arboreal lifestyle, but have more leaf-focused diets.
-New World Monkeys: Langurs lack prehensile tails and live in Asia, not South America.
-Lemurs/Lorises/Galagos: Unlike them, langurs are diurnal and live in large social groups.
-Humans: Both are diurnal and social, but humans are omnivores and bipedal.
“Like other colobines, those species in the Presbytis genus are highly arboreal leaf-eaters, with complex stomachs that allow them to digest foliage that other primates cannot.” (NePrimate Conservancy, n.d.)
Miller's Grizzled Langur. Photo: AP
Miller's Grizzled Langur (Eric Fell)
Eric Fell/Ethical Expeditions/AP "this undated photo released by Ethical Expeditions, Miller's Grizzled Langurs sit on a tree branch in Wehea forest in eastern Borneo, Indonesia. Scientists working in the dense jungles of Borneo have rediscovered the large, gray monkey so rare it was believed by many to be extinct."
Dell'Amore, C. (2012, January 21). Pictures: "Extinct" monkeys with sideburns found in Borneo. National Geographic.
💀Social Structure
Group size: 3–50 (sometimes solitary)
Structure: Multi-male, multi-female groups (2.5 females : 1 male)
Dispersal: Both sexes leave natal groups
Behavior:
-Alloparental care (other females help mothers)
-Allogrooming common, especially among females
-Aggression increases with group size
“Alloparental care as with most Asian colobine species (gives mother time to forage, ensures social integration of new infants and improved parenting skills).” (NePrimate Conservancy, n.d.)
Mating System
Polygynous → one male mates with multiple females
Structure: Multi-male, multi-female groups (2.5 females : 1 male)
Dispersal: Both sexes leave natal groups
Courtship:
- Female signals by thrusting chin out, staring, and presenting her anogenital region
-Male responds with vocal grunt and leads to copulation site
“The Miller's grizzled langur (Presbytis canicrus) is believed to have a polygynous mating system, where one male mates with multiple females.” (NePrimate Conservancy, n.d.)
💀Range & Habitat
Where: Endemic to Borneo in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Rediscovered: Once thought extinct, but found again in 2012
Habitat: Lowland and foothill tropical rainforests up to 1,000 m
Lifestyle: Arboreal, living in mid-to-upper canopy
“It is quite probable that Presbytis hosei canicrus is already locally extinct in Kutai National Park due to the forest fires and hunting.” (Setiawan et al., 2009)
🎀Fonts:
"Gothik Steel" by imagex
"Kingjola" by Lars Manenschijn
"Alice in Wonderland"> by Marco Trujillo López
🦇 References:
1) Setiawan, A., Nugroho, T. S., Djuwantoko, & Pudyatmoko, S. (2009). A survey of Miller's grizzled surili, Presbytis hosei canicrus, in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Primate Conservation, 24(1), 139–143 https://doi.org/10.1896/052.024.0112s
2) Nijman, V. (2010). Ecology and conservation of the Hose’s langur group (Colobinae: Presbytis hosei). In S. Gursky & J. Supriatna (Eds.), Indonesian primates (pp. 139–143). Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3_16<
3)Primate Conservancy. (n.d.). Miller's grizzled langur. Retrieved September 19, 2025 https://neprimateconservancy.org/millers-grizzled-langur/
4) San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. (n.d.). Diet and feeding. Retrieved September 19, 2025 https://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/douclangurs/diet
5) Dell'Amore, C. (2012, January 21). Pictures: "Extinct" monkeys with sideburns found in Borneo. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/120120-grizzled-langurs-discovery-monkeys-indonesia-animals